Bt cotton is a genetically modified pest resistant plant cotton variety that produces an insecticide to combat bollworm . Description Strains of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produce over 200 different Bt toxins, each harmful to different insects. result is that Bt cotton has a built-in system that efficiently and consistently delivers Cry-toxins to the target pests from the time a newly hatched larva takes its first bite (fig. 1). Bt cotton offers a vastly improved method for delivering Cry-insecticides to target insects, compared to traditional Bt sprays. Bt cotton may
Diagram Explaining Bt Cotton Production Bt Cotton
Bt Cotton Topics: Insects, Pests & Diseases Pesticides & Pest Management Plants & Crops Overview This 2-page publication explains how Bt cotton helps producers manage pests, what Bt traits are available, insect resistance to Bt, the need for scouting Bt cotton fields for caterpillar pests, and when to begin insecticide treatment. Bt toxins are highly specific. The toxins produced by Bt cotton and corn are toxic to a select number of arthropod species. Because cotton is primarily a fiber crop, the contamination of food with toxins from cotton is highly unlikely. However, extensive testing indicates a very low public health risk from the use, including ingestion, of food. Transgenic Bt cotton is the predominant commercial transgenic crop in China that has been cultivated for the longest period of time ( Lu et al., 2012 ). However, few studies have been conducted on assessing the fitness of GM cotton in some wild or semi-wild environments. Proponents of the technology claim that Bt cotton has greatly increased cotton productivity in India over the past 10 years. However, 70% of the 73% yield increase reported since Bt cotton was first introduced took place between 2002 and 2005 when less than 5% of the area under cotton production had shifted to growing Bt hybrids. In fact, from.
Bt cotton in india
The primary management tactic for lepidopteran pests of cotton in the United States of America (USA) is the use of transgenic cotton that produces Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) toxins.The primary target pests of this technology are Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (F.) in the eastern and central Cotton Belt of the USA. Concerns over the evolution of resistance in H. The approved resistance management plan for Bt maize in cotton production regions requires a structured refuge of non-Bt maize equal to 20% of the maize planted; that for Bt cotton relies on the. 4.2.2 Using Multiple Bt Genes for Bt Cotton. A theoretical model shows that Bt cotton containing two dissimilar Bt genes (pyramided plants) delays pest resistance to Bt significantly. Usually, Bt cotton with one single Bt gene can be used for 7-10 years before pests develop resistance to it; but for two Bt genes, it can be used for up to 20. The fate of Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt) cotton in India is one of the most closely-watched situations in the spread and impact of genetically modified (GM) crops. Intense interest in this one.
Diffusion of Bt cotton in India, 2002 to 2011(Million hectares) Source... Download Scientific
First-generation cotton, Bollgard, had only a single gene, while second-generation Bt crop, Bollgard II, TwinLink, and WideStrike had two genes. Most recent addition, the third-generation Bt crop comprises three genes, Bollgard III, WideStrike III, and TwinLink Plus. A timeline of Bt-cotton is given in Fig. 10.2. Go to: Introduction The production of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) plays an important role in the economy of many countries in tropical and subtropical regions of the world [ 1 ]. Arthropod pests have historically acted as major constraint on profitable cotton production and a limiting factor for the geographic expansion of the crop [ 1 ].
The decision of the Genetic Engineering Approval committee (GEAC) of Government of India clearing the release of Bt cotton for commercial cultivation during 2002-2003 crop season, is considered as one of the major milestones in the history of cotton improvement in India. Cotton was one of the first widely cultivated Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant (Ht) transgenic plants. Over 300 transgenic cotton varieties expressing.
Bt protein content in Bt cotton leaves at three developmental stages.... Download Scientific
Currently, the most common Bt crops are corn and cotton. The crystal, referred to as Cry toxins, is proteins formed during sporulation of some Bt strains and aggregate to form crystals. Such Cry toxins are toxic to specific species of insects belongs to orders: Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Nematoda. The Story of Bt Cotton in India documents the process that it took for India's first genetically modified crop, Bt Cotton to be approved for commercialization. It captures the experiences of farmers and various stakeholders, particularly on how the technology has changed their lives and the challenges and opportunities they still face.
