Direct and Indirect speech are ways of narrating the speech of someone to some other person following certain rules. This article covers its types, rules, examples and some exercises on the same. krithika Published On September 1st, 2023 Table of Contents 1. Simple Present to Simple Past Direct: He said, "The boy goes home." Indirect: He said that the boy went home. 2. Present Continuous to Past Continuous Direct: Ram said, "I am reading a book." Indirect: Ram said that he was reading a book. 3. Present Perfect to Past Perfect Direct: The girl said, "I have lost my pen."
Direct and Indirect Speech, Definition and Rules Chart PDF
Direct and Indirect Speech : Direct speech is a method of reporting what someone has said in their own words. It is frequently surrounded by quotation marks. Indirect speaking is a method of relaying what someone has said without using their precise words. It is frequently preceded by a verb like "said," "told," or "asked." To relate someone's words to both direct and indirect speech, you need an introductory verb. The two most frequent are tell and say, but there are many other possible ones like: ask reply warn answer point out state write add exclaim protest report explain think admit declare mention Direct and Indirect Speech Both direct and indirect speech are methods to narrate the words spoken by a specific person. The difference between them lies in how they are constructed and in the purpose of using them. Direct Speech In a direct speech, the actual words of the speaker are quoted explicitly. Rule 1 - Direct To Indirect Speech Conversion - Reporting Verb When the reporting verb of direct speech is in past tense then all the present tenses are changed to the corresponding past tense in indirect speech. Direct to indirect speech example: Direct: She said, 'I am happy'. Indirect: She said (that) she was happy.
EASY WAY TO UNDERSTAND DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH RULES Readmyhelp
To change a sentence of direct speech into indirect speech there are various factors that are considered such as reporting verbs, modals, time, place, pronoun, tense, etc. we will take up all the factors one by one. Rule 1 - Direct To Indirect Speech Conversion - Reporting Verb 1. March 23, 2019 Are you having trouble understanding the difference between direct and indirect speech? Direct speech is when you quote someone's exact words, while indirect speech is when you report what someone said without using their exact words. Here are the steps involved in converting direct speech to indirect speech: Remove the quotation marks. Use a reporting verb to introduce the indirect speech. Change the tense of the verb in the quote if necessary. Change the pronouns if necessary. Use the appropriate conjunction if necessary. Reported Speech Tense Chart. When we convert from direct speech to indirect speech, the tense of the sentence changes. See the chart below to understand direct to indirect speech tense shift. Greg said, "I am an English teacher." Greg said that he was an English teacher. Edward said, "I am watching the news."
Direct and Indirect Speech With Examples and Explanations Owlcation
Overview Test Series Direct and Indirect Speech is used in any instances during written and verbal communication we need to repeat a statement or action of someone. It is used to describe what someone said in a direct indirect approach. The two approaches are used depending upon the type of conversation (formal or informal). What is Direct and Indirect speech? Rules for converting Direct speech to Indirect speech Rules for converting Indirect speech to Direct speech Chart of Direct and Indirect Speech Rules Examples of Direct and Indirect speech How to Use Reporting Verbs in Direct and Indirect Speech Conclusion What is Direct and Indirect speech?
Direct and Indirect Speech Rules Below, we are sharing the rules to make changes from Direct to Indirect speech. The changes of Direct and Indirect speech depend on some factors like modals, reporting verb, place, time, tense, pronoun etc. You can check the complete information of changes in Direct and Indirect speech. A. Assertive Sentence Conversion Rules. To convert Assertive sentences into indirect speech the following rules are applied. (a) No comma and Inverted comma in Indirect Speech, only full stop at the end. (b) Reporting Verbs changed from Direct Speech to Indirect Speech; 'say - say', 'says - says', 'said - said', 'said to.
20 sentences of direct and indirect speech English Grammar Here
Direct and Indirect Speech Rules Chart Let us look at a basic chart of the direct and indirect speech that will help us understand the rules of converting one type to another easily. The basic characteristic of this chart is that it requires an understanding of the Subject noun, pronoun, its reporting verb and speech clause and conjunction. Some basic rules for converting direct speech into indirect speech: Rule 1: "No inverted commas." The reported speech does not come into inverted commas or quotation in an indirect speech. Example: Direct: He said, "I have completed my assignments yesterday." Indirect: He said that he had completed his assignments the previous day.
