The labarum ( Greek: λάβαρον or λάβουρον [2]) was a vexillum (military standard) that displayed the "Chi-Rho" symbol ☧, a christogram formed from the first two Greek letters of the word "Christ" ( Greek: ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ, or Χριστός) - Chi (χ) and Rho (ρ). [3] It was first used by the Roman emperor Constantine the Great. [4] The Chi Rho ( ☧, English pronunciation / ˈkaɪ ˈroʊ /; also known as chrismon [1]) is one of the earliest forms of the Christogram, formed by superimposing the first two (capital) letters— chi and rho ( ΧΡ )—of the Greek word ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ ( Christos) in such a way that the vertical stroke of the rho intersects the center of the chi. [2]
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The Labarum (Greek: λάβαρον / láboron) was a Christian imperial standard incorporating the sacred "Chi-Rho" Christogram, which was one of the earliest forms of christogram used by Christians, becoming one of the most familiar and widely used emblems in Chrisitan tradition. The labarum—a Christian version of the vexillum, the military standard used earlier in the Roman Empire—incorporated the Chi-Rho, the monogram of Christ, in a golden wreath atop the staff. The flag was made of purple silk (purple dye being at this time a rarity derived from a shellfish of the genus Murex) richly embroidered with gold. The Chi Rho is a Christian symbol for "Christ" written by superimposing the two Greek letters "Chi (X)" and "Rho (P)" which are the first two letters in Greek of the name of "CHRist." The first public use of the Chi Rho symbol was on the labarum, the shield of Constantine's warriors in the Battle of Milvian Bridge on October 28, 213 AD. Labarum (Chi-Rho) Author: Catholic Encyclopedia Labarum (Chi-Rho) Labarum is the name by which the military standard adopted by Constantine the Great after his celebrated vision (Lactantius, "De mortibus persecutorum", c. xliv), was known in antiquity.
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Chi and Rho are the first two letters (ΧΡ) of "Christ" in Greek ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ.(Christos).Sometimes it is called the Monogram of Christ or Chrismon or Labarum. While it was used very early by persecuted Christians in the catacombs, when Constantine I was struggling to become emperor, he used the symbol at the front of his armies and was victorious (see below). "Labarum (Chi-Rho)." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910.
. Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Michael C. Tinkler. Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. October 1, 1910. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Labarum refers to a military standard used in the Roman Empire that was adapted by the Emperor Constantine I as a symbol of Christianity. He combined the first two Greek letters of the word "Christ" (Greek: ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ, or Χριστός)— Chi (χ) and Rho (ρ), and ordered his soldiers to place this symbol on their shields before a decisive battle. Already during the reign of Constantine the Great, the Chi-Rho appeared on the coins both on the shields and on the labarum. However, starting from the reign of Constantius II, coins that. 
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Eusebius then continues to describe the labarum, the military standard used by Constantine in his later wars against Licinius, showing the Chi-Rho sign. The accounts of the two contemporary authors, though not entirely consistent, have been merged into a popular notion of Constantine seeing the Chi-Rho sign on the evening before the battle. Based on the testimony of emperor Constantine the Great himself, Eusebius of Caesarea presented a labarum in the form of crux dissimulata crowned with the Chi-Rho. The continuers of his Church History in the next century, Rufinus of Aquileia, Philostorgius, Socrates of Constantinople, and Sozomen, only kept the cross-shape of the banner, excluding the christogram.
The name labarum (a word of disputed origin—perhaps Celtic) may already have designated such a standard, but it became the distinctive name of the form Constantine gave it—the eagle displaced by. The Labarum - from Crux Dissimulata and Chi-Rho to the Open Image Cross. Based on the testimony of emperor Constantine the Great himself, Eusebius of Caesarea presented a labarum in the form of crux dissimulata crowned with the Chi-Rho. The continuers of his Church History in the next century, Rufinus of Aquileia, Philostorgius, Socrates of. 
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The Free Encyclopedia. The origin of the word labarum is a matter of scientific debate. Some suggest it derived from the Latin word labarum. Others say it is a Gallic word because Gaul was the starting point for the war against Maxentius, and there were many Gauls in the army. One of the oldest Christograms is the Chi-Rho or Labarum. Technically, the word Labarum is Latin for a standard with a little flag hanging on it, once commonly used in the Roman army. A Christogram was added to the flag with an image of the Greek letters Chi Rho, in the late Roman period.
