Meristem culture involves the isolation and culture of apical meristem tissue from a plant, which contains undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into various plant tissues. The technique produces virus-free plants and propagates complex or slow-to-propagate plants. Meristem culture can have large numbers of identical plants with genetic. Meristem culture is defined as the tissue culture technique, which uses apical meristem with 1-3 leaf primordia to prepare clones of a plant by the vegetative propagation. This technique primarily involves the isolation of meristem by applying a V-Shape cut in the stem. By the culturing of shoot meristem, adventitious roots can be regenerated.
Different stages of meristem culture in Abelmoschus esculentus. A
What is Meristem Culture? Meristem culture is a type of tissue culture technique used in labs to eliminate viruses and other parasites while growing plants in vitro. They either use the growing tips of plant shoots or roots—sites containing meristematic cells—for the culturing process. The technique was first reported by scientists named Morel and Martin in the year 1952.Figure: An. Meristem culture alone or in conjunction with several other treatments have been used to eliminate viruses from several plants. For example, many researchers found meristem tip culture of 0.3 mm have been useful to eliminate virus in sweet potato and cassava. However, meristem tips of larger size (1-2.5 mm) have also given satisfactory result. The meristem responds differently for the different age of the plants, plants genotypes, culture media, and plant growth hormones and their combinations (Alam et al., 2010).Meristem culture is the most important plant tissue culture technique; in addition to plant virus elimination, meristem is also used for mass propagation, germplasm storage, and genetic transformations. apical meristem. (Show more) meristem, region of cells capable of division and growth in plants. Meristems are classified by their location in the plant as apical (located at root and shoot tips), lateral (in the vascular and cork cambia), and intercalary (at internodes, or stem regions between the places at which leaves attach, and leaf bases.
Meristem tissue culture. stock photo. Image of botany 78991896
3.3 Meristem culture in vitro. Meristem culture in vitro is used for the elimination of viruses and related pathogens from a large number of vegetatively propagated plants and it is the main method used in plant virus elimination programs. The shoot apical meristem is comprised of the leaf primordia, which turn into leaves, and the apical dome. Meristem Culture 2.1 Introduction Shoot meristems, whether apical or axillary, are small domes (50-150,um in diameter) consisting of groups of a few actively dividing cells protected by developing leaves. The main physiological functions of meristems are the synthesis of protoplasm and the production of new cells.. Among the prevalent tissue culture techniques of agricultural and horticultural promise, meristem and shoot tip culture has been exploited at a much wider scale primarily due to its application in diverse areas such as rapid clonal multiplication of vegetatively propagated crop plants, virus elimination and germplasm preservation of both vegetatively and seed propagated crops (Kartha, 1981. Shoot meristems, whether apical or axillary, are small domes (50-150 µ m in diameter) consisting of groups of a few actively dividing cells protected by developing leaves. The main physiological functions of meristems are the synthesis of protoplasm and the production of new cells. The biology and developmental morphology of the shoot apical.
Representative picture of meristem culture and plantlet establishment
Meristems. Meristems are regions of unspecialised cells in plants that are capable of cell division. Meristems make unspecialised cells that have the potential to become any type of specialised. The inner L3 layer is called the corpus. Cells in the L1 and L2 layers divide in a sideways fashion, which keeps these layers distinct, whereas the L3 layer divides in a more random fashion. The meristem is a type of tissue found in plants. It consists of undifferentiated cells ( meristematic cells) capable of cell division.
Meristem culture is more effective in eliminating viruses when it is combined with thermotherapy and chemotherapy. Pre-treatment of infected plants with higher temperature and usage of antiviral agents in the meristem regeneration medium have been reported to be an effective method for the elimination of many plant viruses. The meristem culture combined with heat, chemicals, and radiation is proven to be more effective in virus elimination in many plants. Further, meristem tissue has higher genetic stability and growth potential. This chapter describes detail about virus-free plant production in different economically important crops using meristem culture.
Meristem and Shoot Tip Culture Plant Cell Technology Your partner
Meristem culture can produce virus-free plants; however, the isolation of small size meristem is very difficult and can lead to undesirable somaclonal variations. The uses of thermotherapy and. At least plants derived by meristem culture methods show a much lower percentage of somaclonal variation, compared to those derived from callus cultures (see Sects. 13.1 and 13.6.3). However, attempts of molecular characterization of the genome of plants derived by meristem cultures are rare. The uppermost shoot tip without conductive elements.
